God’s Chosen People
Romans 8 – 11
“13 But according to His promise we are looking for new heavens and a new earth, in which righteousness dwells. 14 Therefore, beloved, since you look for these things, be diligent to be found by Him in peace, spotless and blameless, 15 and regard the patience of our Lord [to be] salvation; just as also our beloved brother Paul, according to the wisdom given him, wrote to you, 16 as also in all [his] letters, speaking in them of these things, in which are some things hard to understand, which the untaught and unstable distort, as [they do] also the rest of the Scriptures, to their own destruction. 17 You therefore, beloved, knowing this beforehand, be on your guard lest, being carried away by the error of unprincipled men, you fall from your own steadfastness, 18 but grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To Him [be] the glory, both now and to the day of eternity. Amen.” (2Pe 3:13-18 NAS)
With the Lord’s helps I will try to attempt to explain and make sense of some of the most controversial scriptures in the New Testament. I don’t know if Peter had this group of scriptures in mind when he talked of “some things hard to understand”, but some of the things that Paul discussed in Romans 8 – 11 have certainly been at the center of many disagreements and divisions. Contained within these chapters are some of the most quoted and some of the most avoided scriptures.
The Goal
To be found by Christ in peace, spotless and blameless should be our goal. I am afraid that in America today most in the Church have lost sight of this goal because they have been convinced that it is unattainable in this life. Yet this is what we read here in 2Peter 3:14. It is indeed, as Peter points out, also found in the letters from Paul. But how do we attain such standing as to be spotless and blameless? Is it strictly due to God’s choice or election? Or has it come about though some action on our part? This is where the controversy lies. Some say one, some say the other, and some claim both can be true at the same time. Can we lay aside our preconceived notions and consider the Scripture to find truth. We will see.
Where to Begin?
It is hard to know where to begin. Certainly it would be best if we started at Romans 1:1, but in an effort to keep this study short enough that someone may read it I will start at Romans 8:1 hoping that the reader has a basic understanding of the book up until this point.
Let me briefly recap the first seven chapters. Paul has up until this point shown us the need for salvation, for all have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God. The need for a savior becomes apparent when we realize that we are in bondage to sin and cannot save ourselves. The Law does not have power to save us, for it merely reveals our sinfulness, of which we are powerless to conquer. But we have a savior who is Christ the Lord. It was only Christ who could satisfy the penalty of sin on our behalf. Christ not only freed us from the penalty of sin, but broke the bonds of sin itself, conquering death, hell, and the grave.
Chapter 8
“1 ¶ There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus. 2 For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has set you free from the law of sin and of death.” (Ro 8:1-2 NAS)
How can this be that there is now no condemnation to them which are In Christ Jesus? Paul explained in the last chapter that we can die through Christ’s death and be resurrected in the power of His resurrection to a new life in Christ Jesus. He goes on to explain that even those who knew the Law can be freed from that Law that condemned them.
What does it mean to be in Christ Jesus? It means that we no longer walk after the flesh but after the Spirit. The flesh with its self-centered desires is what makes it impossible to keep from violating the Law. The flesh was too weak to eliminate the practice of sin. The Spirit is that which empowers us to live according to the Law. The Law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has freed us from the law of sin and death.
Walking According to the Spirit
“3 For what the Law could not do, weak as it was through the flesh, God [did:] sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and [as an offering] for sin, He condemned sin in the flesh, 4 in order that the requirement of the Law might be fulfilled in us, who do not walk according to the flesh, but according to the Spirit.” (Ro 8:3-4 NAS)
Christ came in our likeness, and as an offering for sin. In so doing he condemned or conquered sin making it possible for us to live righteously if we walk after or according to the Spirit.
“For those who are according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who are according to the Spirit, the things of the Spirit.” (Ro 8:5 NAS)
And this is how we know if we are freed from bondage for our very mind set has been changed. Our actions are driven from a mind that is set on the things that are of the Spirit.
“For the mind set on the flesh is death, but the mind set on the Spirit is life and peace,” (Ro 8:6 NAS)
If you were thinking that there was a gray area between fleshly minded or spiritually minded it certainly isn’t revealed in this verse. Death sound so final.
“7 because the mind set on the flesh is hostile toward God; for it does not subject itself to the law of God, for it is not even able [to do so]; 8 and those who are in the flesh cannot please God.” (Ro 8:7-8 NAS)
You either walk after the Spirit or you are at enmity against God. You cannot please God in the flesh.
““However, you are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God dwells in you. But if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he does not belong to Him.” (Ro 8:9 NAS)
If you do not have the Spirit of God you are not a Christian, you don’t belong to Christ.
“10 ¶ And if Christ is in you, though the body is dead because of sin, yet the spirit is alive because of righteousness. 11 But if the Spirit of Him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, He who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through His Spirit who indwells you.” (Ro 8:10-11 NAS)
Not only is our spirit given life, but through the Spirit of God even our mortal bodies can be made alive to follow the law and purpose of God.
“12 So then, brethren, we are under obligation, not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh— 13 for if you are living according to the flesh, you must die; but if by the Spirit you are putting to death the deeds of the body, you will live.” (Ro 8:12-13 NAS)
We owe nothing to the flesh that can only bring us death. But through the Spirit we can eliminate the deeds our flesh would desire us to do and live righteously.
Sons of God
“14 For all who are being led by the Spirit of God, these are sons of God. 15 For you have not received a spirit of slavery leading to fear again, but you have received a spirit of adoption as sons by which we cry out, “Abba! Father!” 16 The Spirit Himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God,” (Ro 8:14-16 NAS)
Sons of God, freed from bondage, adopted by our Father, we can experience a comfort and acceptance in which fear is replaced with a peace and contentment of knowing who we belong to.
“17 ¶ and if children, heirs also, heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, if indeed we suffer with [Him] in order that we may also be glorified with [Him.] 18 For I consider that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory that is to be revealed to us.” (Ro 8:17-18 NAS)
This is beyond our imagination that we who were once sinful could alongside of Christ inherit the riches of the kingdom of God. What can compare to that? The sufferings that we share with Him because of righteousness will seem like nothing compared to the glory of God that we are destined to share with Christ.
Awaiting the Redemption of the Body
“19 For the anxious longing of the creation waits eagerly for the revealing of the sons of God. 20 For the creation was subjected to futility, not of its own will, but because of Him who subjected it, in hope 21 that the creation itself also will be set free from its slavery to corruption into the freedom of the glory of the children of God. 22 For we know that the whole creation groans and suffers the pains of childbirth together until now. 23 And not only this, but also we ourselves, having the first fruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting eagerly for [our] adoption as sons, the redemption of our body.” (Ro 8:19-23 NAS)
The creature, the body in which we live, can live with expectation for redemption from the bondage of corruption. We can look forward to a total liberation of our body that up to this point has only experienced the first fruits of the Spirit. We live in this hope, a hope of a glory that surpasses everything we have known or imagined.
“24 For in hope we have been saved, but hope that is seen is not hope; for why does one also hope for what he sees? 25 But if we hope for what we do not see, with perseverance we wait eagerly for it.” (Ro 8:24-25 NAS)
This hope is not just wishful thinking, but the promise of God. Looking therefore with honest expectation we can wait patiently, even though we presently don’t observe it.
Meanwhile the Spirit Helps Us
“26 ¶ And in the same way the Spirit also helps our weakness; for we do not know how to pray as we should, but the Spirit Himself intercedes for [us] with groanings too deep for words; 27 and He who searches the hearts knows what the mind of the Spirit is, because He intercedes for the saints according to [the will of] God. 28 And we know that God causes all things to work together for good to those who love God, to those who are called according to [His] purpose.” (Ro 8:26-28 NAS)
God has compensated for your present limitations by ministering to us and through us by the Spirit who helps us by praying and interceding for us according to the will of God. Therefore we can have this confidence that all things will work together for good to those of us that love God, for we have been called according to God’s purpose.
Foreknown, Predestined?
“For whom He foreknew, He also predestined [to become] conformed to the image of His Son, that He might be the first-born among many brethren;” (Ro 8:29 NAS)
Can there be any doubt that the good that is spoken about in verse 28 is that we are conformed to the image of God’s son? This is the purpose of God and has been since He first created Adam. But sin has come between God and His creation. Paul has through the inspiration of God revealed to us God’s solution to an otherwise insurmountable problem. Sin is the problem. Christ is the answer. Yet a shadow has come over this wonderful explanation undermining and limiting the universal nature of God’s love. Through misunderstanding of foreknowledge, predestination, and election, men have limited God’s solution for all of mankind to a limited few.
Whoever Believes
“14 “And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up; 15 that whoever believes may in Him have eternal life. 16 “For God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish, but have eternal life. 17 “For God did not send the Son into the world to judge the world, but that the world should be saved through Him.” (Joh 3:14-17 NAS)
Whosoever believeth on Christ should not perish but have eternal life. This is the foundation of the good news that God has entrusted to His Church to preach to every created soul. Yet some would insist that this is not applicable to everyone because it only applies to those that God did foreknow. They would insist that the Scripture teaches that God’s grace is extended only to the ones whom He has chosen or elected. If this is true then it certainly seems to be in contradiction with John 3:16 and many other passages of the Scripture.
I truly believe that Paul’s letter to the Romans was intended to unify the Christian community in the faith of Jesus Christ whether they be Jew, Gentile, rich, poor, male, or female. Yet chapter 8 though 11 has become divisive and confusing to many Christians. I can’t help but think that we are missing something here, because this was not the intent. Bear with me as I try to untangle the mess that theologians and scholars have made.
Questioning Our Understanding
“For whom He foreknew, He also predestined [to become] conformed to the image of His Son, that He might be the first-born among many brethren;” (Ro 8:29 NAS)
Is everyone predestined by God? Do we have a choice? Or are we the product of God’s election or choice. This has become a major division of Christianity. The Calvinist will tell you that the grace of God is extended only to His elect. The Armenian will tell you that we are saved by our own choice. Many today who have contemplated the arguments of these different schools of thought claim that both are true.
Like a wise man once said; we can all be wrong, but we can’t all be right. I believe that there is a right answer. So let’s look at the scriptures that seem to be controversial and let’s see if we can’t see a clear mandate from God.
“Every good thing bestowed and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom there is no variation, or shifting shadow.” (Jas 1:17 NAS)
If I am to believe this verse then I must come to the conclusion that there can be no conflicting statements in God’s Word. If it appears to conflict then I don’t understand what is being said. God is not a liar. In the dialogue between Jesus and Nicodemus Jesus presented salvation through His death on the cross. Jesus said that salvation and eternal life was for whosoever. Whosoever seems to include everyone that wills. In Romans Paul talks about predestination. Is he saying that salvation is already determined? If he is, then it certainly seems in conflict with one of his closing statements on this subject.
“For God has shut up all in disobedience that He might show mercy to all.” (Ro 11:32 NAS)
The words all, and whosoever just seems so inclusive I just can’t dismiss them as being irrelevant. I think that there is a very good explanation of what Paul is talking about when he uses the words foreknowledge and predestination. If we can lay aside our preconceived notions and consider not only the text but the context I think it will make sense.
Who is Predestined?
Paul is talking to believers about believers. As a believer we are predestined to be conformed to the image of Christ. I don’t think we can extend this concept to before we were believers. There are no verses that state that anyone is predestined to be separated from God. What the Scripture does say is that those that were predestined God also foreknew. What does that mean?
Predestination
Let’s look at an example of predestination. If I have an acorn it is predestined to become an oak tree, because that is what it is programmed to be. Does every acorn become an oak tree? No it doesn’t, because there are other factors involved.
When we talk about being conformed to the image of Christ, we are talking about someone who has been born again. Consider the following verses.
“for you have been born again not of seed which is perishable but imperishable, [that is,] through the living and abiding word of God.” (1Pe 1:23 NAS)
“No one who is born of God practices sin, because His seed abides in him; and he cannot sin, because he is born of God.” (1Jo 3:9 NAS)
If we are born of holy seed then at a point in time we were foreknown, just as when I knew my wife and my children were conceived. All of God’s children are predestined to be in the image of Christ, just as my children were predestined to be in my image. I think that this is exactly what Paul is talking about. I think we can bring this into perspective if we look at some statements that Jesus made.
“[“For the Son of Man has come to save that which was lost.]” (Mt 18:11 NAS)
“17 For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved. 18 He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God.” (Joh 3:17-18 AV)
If we were condemned already then we were predestined to be damned. To me it seems clear that those who choose to believe are the ones He predestined. As in the natural, predestination takes place at conception. One of the most frequent testimonies of this is God’s use of the word “if”.
It’s About Choice
In the 2nd chapter of Acts Peter presented the gospel, the news of what Christ had accomplished, now the choice was up to the individual.
“’AND IT SHALL BE, THAT EVERYONE WHO CALLS ON THE NAME OF THE LORD SHALL BE SAVED.’” (Ac 2:21 NAS)
“37 ¶ Now when they heard [this], they were pierced to the heart, and said to Peter and the rest of the apostles, “Brethren, what shall we do?” 38 And Peter [said] to them, “Repent, and let each of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins; and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. 39 “For the promise is for you and your children, and for all who are far off, as many as the Lord our God shall call to Himself.” 40 And with many other words he solemnly testified and kept on exhorting them, saying, “Be saved from this perverse generation!” 41 So then, those who had received his word were baptized; and there were added that day about three thousand souls.” (Ac 2:37-41 NAS)
The gift of the Spirit was given to those who repented. The exhortation was; save yourself or repent and be baptized.
“and whom He predestined, these He also called; and whom He called, these He also justified; and whom He justified, these He also glorified.” (Ro 8:30 NAS)
If we are predestinated, then in Christ we are named or called. And if we are named in Christ we are also justified by Him. And to those who are justified also share in the glory of God in Christ Jesus.
“31 ¶ What then shall we say to these things? If God [is] for us, who [is] against us? 32 He who did not spare His own Son, but delivered Him up for us all, how will He not also with Him freely give us all things? 33 Who will bring a charge against God’s elect? God is the one who justifies; 34 who is the one who condemns? Christ Jesus is He who died, yes, rather who was raised, who is at the right hand of God, who also intercedes for us.” (Ro 8:31-34 NAS)
What can we say then? Can we infer that some are excluded from God’s plan? Not from a statement of God’s. For What God declares is:
“The Lord is not slow about His promise, as some count slowness, but is patient toward you, not wishing for any to perish but for all to come to repentance.” (2Pe 3:9 NAS)
So if God is not willing that any should perish, must we not conclude that if any perish it is because we possess a will that God is not willing to violate?
“Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword?” (Ro 8:35 NAS)
“38 For I am convinced that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor things present, nor things to come, nor powers, 39 nor height, nor depth, nor any other created thing, shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.” (Ro 8:38-39 NAS)
So what is there that can separate us from the love of Christ? There is only one thing missing from this list. It is our will, our gift of choice. It is on this level that so much of Scripture is directed. To the unbeliever the appeal is to repent and receive. To the believer the appeal is to not neglect, to continue in the faith, to endure to the end.
“9 that if you confess with your mouth Jesus [as] Lord, and believe in your heart that God raised Him from the dead, you shall be saved; 10 for with the heart man believes, resulting in righteousness, and with the mouth he confesses, resulting in salvation.” (Ro 10:9-10 NAS)
CHAPTER 9
It is important to note that in Chapter 9 Paul focuses on Israel. There are implications that are applicable to us all, but it will help us understand what is being taught here if we keep in mind the focus.
“1 ¶ I am telling the truth in Christ, I am not lying, my conscience bearing me witness in the Holy Spirit, 2 that I have great sorrow and unceasing grief in my heart. 3 For I could wish that I myself were accursed, [separated] from Christ for the sake of my brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh, 4 who are Israelites, to whom belongs the adoption as sons and the glory and the covenants and the giving of the Law and the [temple] service and the promises, 5 whose are the fathers, and from whom is the Christ according to the flesh, who is over all, God blessed forever. Amen.” (Ro 9:1-5 NAS)
We cannot ignore the depth of love and concern that Paul has for his brethren in the flesh. I cannot help but think it is also a reflection of the heart of God. These are the people who were chosen and given the privilege of being the avenue for the revelations of God to the World, and from whom Christ was born in the flesh. Yet in spite of all of their privilege they did not recognize their Messiah because of their unbelief and hardness of heart.
“6 ¶ But [it is] not as though the word of God has failed. For they are not all Israel who are [descended] from Israel; 7 neither are they all children because they are Abraham’s descendants, but: “THROUGH ISAAC YOUR DESCENDANTS WILL BE NAMED.” 8 That is, it is not the children of the flesh who are children of God, but the children of the promise are regarded as descendants. 9 For this is a word of promise: “AT THIS TIME I WILL COME, AND SARAH SHALL HAVE A SON.” (Ro 9:6-9 NAS)
God’s Election or Choice
God’s word has not failed. God’s election or choice of Israel was to fulfill the purpose of God. That line through which God would bring blessing was of God’s choice. I think if we carefully examine these scriptures we will be able to recognize that there is a difference between God’s choice of people for specific tasks and His choice to extend salvation to all that call upon His name. Just because Isaac was the choice of God for bringing the blessing of Salvation to the World through Jesus Christ, does not mean that the sons of Ishmael cannot receive salvation.
Isaac was the child of promise. Ishmael was the result of the flesh trying to produce that which could only come through the work of God.
“10 And not only this, but there was Rebekah also, when she had conceived [twins] by one man, our father Isaac; 11 for though [the twins] were not yet born, and had not done anything good or bad, in order that God’s purpose according to [His] choice might stand, not because of works, but because of Him who calls,” (Ro 9:10-11 NAS)
Again we see that God wanted us to always be aware that it was his purpose that was being accomplished. Jacob was God’s choice to fulfill His purpose. We know what that purpose is; that through Jesus Christ God would provide salvation for the World. Is that not what the Letter to the Romans is all about? It is a huge assumption that Jacob was chosen for salvation and Esau who was not chosen is destined for destruction. Yet when we look at the next verse questions do arise. Let us deal with the questions before we decide.
“Just as it is written, “JACOB I LOVED, BUT ESAU I HATED.”” (Ro 9:13 NAS)
This is a quote from Scripture, Malachi to be exact.
“2 “I have loved you,” says the LORD. But you say, “How hast Thou loved us?” “[Was] not Esau Jacob’s brother?” declares the LORD. “Yet I have loved Jacob; 3 but I have hated Esau, and I have made his mountains a desolation, and [appointed] his inheritance for the jackals of the wilderness.” 4 Though Edom says, “We have been beaten down, but we will return and build up the ruins”; thus says the LORD of hosts, “They may build, but I will tear down; and [men] will call them the wicked territory, and the people toward whom the LORD is indignant forever.”” (Mal 1:2-4 NAS)
We have further insight into the judgment of God from this passage in Hebrews.
“15 See to it that no one comes short of the grace of God; that no root of bitterness springing up causes trouble, and by it many be defiled; 16 that [there be] no immoral or godless person like Esau, who sold his own birthright for a [single] meal. 17 For you know that even afterwards, when he desired to inherit the blessing, he was rejected, for he found no place for repentance, though he sought for it with tears.” (Heb 12:15-17 NAS)
God’s hatred and judgment of Esau according to Scripture is because He despised the blessing of God, valuing it with the worth of a single meal. His rejection came because he could not come to a place of repentance. These two references show us that in essence Esau rejected and rebelled against the choice or election of God. And what was that choice?
“22 But the children struggled together within her; and she said, “If it is so, why then am I [this way?]” So she went to inquire of the LORD. 23 And the LORD said to her, “Two nations are in your womb; And two peoples shall be separated from your body; And one people shall be stronger than the other; And the older shall serve the younger.”” (Ge 25:22-23 NAS)
God’s choice was that Esau would serve Jacob. Esau’s nation should serve Jacob nation. Esau rejected that and lost out on the blessing that God would have blessed him with. He sold his birthright for a single meal.
God is Just and Righteous
“What shall we say then? There is no injustice with God, is there? May it never be!” (Ro 9:14 NAS)
As we consider the examples that Paul is presenting us with let’s not forget what this verse says. God is not unrighteous or unjust.
“15 For He says to Moses, “I WILL HAVE MERCY ON WHOM I HAVE MERCY, AND I WILL HAVE COMPASSION ON WHOM I HAVE COMPASSION.” 16 So then it [does] not [depend] on the man who wills or the man who runs, but on God who has mercy. 17 For the Scripture says to Pharaoh, “FOR THIS VERY PURPOSE I RAISED YOU UP, TO DEMONSTRATE MY POWER IN YOU, AND THAT MY NAME MIGHT BE PROCLAIMED THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE EARTH.” 18 So then He has mercy on whom He desires, and He hardens whom He desires. 19 You will say to me then, “Why does He still find fault? For who resists His will?” (Ro 9:15-19 NAS)
So can we argue with God when He shows mercy to a wicked person? To assume that that wicked person is wicked because God made them that way would go against all that we know of God. So what is God saying here? We know that His will is that all men would be saved. Yet many choose to not respond to God’s love and mercy. God continued to show mercy to Pharaoh in spite of his resistance to God’s will that He plainly stated to Pharaoh. How did God harden Pharaoh? Was it by showing mercy?
The Mercy of God
It is so easy to lose track of what really is being communicated here. These verses have been used for so long to build a foundation for the Election Doctrine, Predestination, and Eternal Security that it is hard to eliminate the preconceived notions that arise when we read this text. Let’s try to take several steps back so that we can better see this passage in its context. Just so we don’t forget what has been previously revealed about God’s character, consider these verses from Micah. God delighteth in mercy.
“18 Who [is] a God like unto thee, that pardoneth iniquity, and passeth by the transgression of the remnant of his heritage? he retaineth not his anger for ever, because he delighteth [in] mercy. 19 He will turn again, he will have compassion upon us; he will subdue our iniquities; and thou wilt cast all their sins into the depths of the sea. 20 Thou wilt perform the truth to Jacob, [and] the mercy to Abraham, which thou hast sworn unto our fathers from the days of old.” (Mic 7:18-20 AV)
Paul’s passion for his wayward brethren has expressed itself in the extreme position that he would willingly go to hell if by so doing he could prevent his brethren from going there (Rom. 9:1-4). His quotation from the Scripture: For He says to Moses, “I WILL HAVE MERCY ON WHOM I HAVE MERCY, AND I WILL HAVE COMPASSION ON WHOM I HAVE COMPASSION.” Is taken from the context in which Moses has just express like sentiment as Paul is feeling. Moses has just told God that if he cannot pardon the tremendous sin which the Children of Israel have just committed, then he requested that God remove his name from God’s book of life also. If we can grasp the similarities of these two situations then we can better understand the significance of God’s statement on mercy. God would not remove Moses name from His Book. Neither will he sacrifice Paul’s salvation to pardon those who have not repented. God will judge righteous judgment. God will not remove the mercy that he has extended to Paul.
Those of us who have experienced God love and mercy recognize how unmerited it is. For we have failed miserably. What is even more outstanding is that the tremendous cost of salvation was accomplished entirely at God’s expense, wiping out our tremendous debt. A reflection of the tremendous love and mercy is seen most dramatically in those who have been closest to God, such as is the case with Moses and now Paul. But God extends grace and mercy to all and if it is unbalanced it is unbalanced in favor of those who are less inclined to submit to Him. Consider the following scriptures.
“19 for as through the one man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, even so through the obedience of the one the many will be made righteous. 20 the law came in so that the transgression would increase; but where sin increased, grace abounded all the more, 21 so that, as sin reigned in death, even so grace would reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our lord.” (Ro 5:19-21 NAS95)
Unconditional Love Given
We know that the miracle of our new birth was accomplished only through the power of God. The Scripture says that God loved us while we were yet sinners. Salvation was extended to all on the basis of redemptive work of Christ. We are saved by faith and not by works. Because of these facts God’s love has then been express as being unconditional, for indeed what have we done to deserve such love.
I am afraid that a misconception of unconditional love may be making it hard to understand the discernment of God in his judgments. For what we are seeing in these scriptures in Romans are both God’s choices and His judgments. The question is: Are there conditions required for us to receive God love? If so, what are they? If we don’t understand the conditions necessary to receive God’s mercy and grace then it might leave us with the feeling that God is somehow unjust and that people are saved at His whim.
Condition to Receive
On the day of Pentecost when Israel was gathered together to meet with God, God met them. As Peter delivered his moving sermon revealing the Messiah and our need of a savior, those who were convicted asked this question: Men and brethren what shall we do? The answer was forthcoming.
“And Peter [said] to them, “Repent, and let each of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins; and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.” (Ac 2:38 NAS)
Obviously there were conditions that needed to be met before they could receive salvation. And when those conditions were met there were results.
“So then, those who had received his word were baptized; and there were added that day about three thousand souls.” (Ac 2:41 NAS)
God’s mercy was extended to these people because they heard the word and in faith responded. Three thousand souls may seem like a large number unless we compare it to the possible 2,500,000 that may have been present in Jerusalem at this time of celebrating Pentecost. What were the other people’s problems? Why were they reluctant to repent? I think we can see the answer in the examples that we are presented with in Romans. First we have Esau, and then we have Pharaoh.
I have pointed out that there are conditions that we must meet before we can receive salvation. Let us look at some verses that reveal to us a condition that must be met before we receive mercy.
“But He gives a greater grace. Therefore [it] says, “GOD IS OPPOSED TO THE PROUD, BUT GIVES GRACE TO THE HUMBLE.”” (Jas 4:6 NAS)
“You younger men, likewise, be subject to your elders; and all of you, clothe yourselves with humility toward one another, for GOD IS OPPOSED TO THE PROUD, BUT GIVES GRACE TO THE HUMBLE.” (1Pe 5:5 NAS)
… “But to this one I will look, To him who is humble and contrite of spirit, and who trembles at My word.” (Isa 66:2 NAS)
Pride Stands in the Way
If I haven’t lost you to this point you are beginning to see that Paul has given us two examples of men who refused to humble themselves. Pride stood between them and the mercy of God. As we consider these clear examples it suddenly becomes apparent why it is only the remnant that will be saved. It isn’t because God is not willing and able to save. It is because He is opposed to the proud and gives grace to the humble. In essence many people are not willing to acknowledge their sin, repent, turn from their wicked ways, and receive His grace.
Who’s Fault Is It?
“19 Thou wilt say then unto me, Why doth he yet find fault? For who hath resisted his will? 20 Nay but, O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed [it], Why hast thou made me thus? 21 Hath not the potter power over the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, and another unto dishonour?” (Ro 9:19-21 AV)
The inclination, especially if we are struggling with our pride, is to find someone to blame. Of course it is God’s fault, He made me this way. He is in control of my circumstances. I am just a victim. Jacob was chosen to rule over his brother. Esau’s pride would not let him accept that position. He could not bring himself to repent. Pharaoh was exalted to a position of leadership. His pride could not allow him to accept the sovereignty of God. I believe our preconceived notions keep us from understanding the statement that God makes about making one vessel unto honor and another unto dishonor. They were both made from the same lump.
“22 What if God, although willing to demonstrate His wrath and to make His power known, endured with much patience vessels of wrath prepared for destruction? 23 And [He did so] in order that He might make known the riches of His glory upon vessels of mercy, which He prepared beforehand for glory, 24 [even] us, whom He also called, not from among Jews only, but also from among Gentiles.” (Ro 9:22-24 NAS)
For us to assume that God created one person to go to hell and another person was created to receive mercy, we would have to read between the lines. Because that is not what God is saying. In fact He is saying almost the opposite. God has at times shown what appeared to be great patience with the unrepentant, proud, and tyrannical. But the reason He has allowed them to continue is to demonstrate the riches of His glory to His humble servants; even us, whom He also called, not from among Jews only, but also from among Gentiles.
“25 ¶ As He says also in Hosea, “I WILL CALL THOSE WHO WERE NOT MY PEOPLE, ‘MY PEOPLE,’ AND HER WHO WAS NOT BELOVED, ‘BELOVED.’” 26 “AND IT SHALL BE THAT IN THE PLACE WHERE IT WAS SAID TO THEM, ‘YOU ARE NOT MY PEOPLE,’ THERE THEY SHALL BE CALLED SONS OF THE LIVING GOD.” 27 And Isaiah cries out concerning Israel, “THOUGH THE NUMBER OF THE SONS OF ISRAEL BE AS THE SAND OF THE SEA, IT IS THE REMNANT THAT WILL BE SAVED; 28 FOR THE LORD WILL EXECUTE HIS WORD UPON THE EARTH, THOROUGHLY AND QUICKLY.” 29 And just as Isaiah foretold, “EXCEPT THE LORD OF SABAOTH HAD LEFT TO US A POSTERITY, WE WOULD HAVE BECOME AS SODOM, AND WOULD HAVE RESEMBLED GOMORRAH.” (Ro 9:25-29 NAS)
Remember what the focus has been; Paul’s concern for his people, the Jews. Now we know why only a remnant will be saved, because God is opposed to the proud but gives grace to the humble. So God could not save all of Israel in the flesh, but he has found a people for Himself. Jews and Gentiles who humble themselves, repent of their sins and in obedience follow His commands. The bottom line is that if it were not for God’s great mercy we all would perish.
“30 ¶ What shall we say then? That Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, attained righteousness, even the righteousness which is by faith; 31 but Israel, pursuing a law of righteousness, did not arrive at [that] law. 32 Why? Because [they did] not [pursue it] by faith, but as though [it were] by works. They stumbled over the stumbling stone, 33 just as it is written, “BEHOLD, I LAY IN ZION A STONE OF STUMBLING AND A ROCK OF OFFENSE, AND HE WHO BELIEVES IN HIM WILL NOT BE DISAPPOINTED.”” (Ro 9:30-33 NAS)
Why do some attain righteousness and other didn’t? Because righteousness is attained by faith in Jesus Christ. I can’t help but see that there is an element of pride that causes some to stumble over the chief corner stone, so that it becomes a rock of offense.
CHAPTER 10
“1 ¶ Brethren, my heart’s desire and my prayer to God for them is for [their] salvation. 2 For I bear them witness that they have a zeal for God, but not in accordance with knowledge. 3 For not knowing about God’s righteousness, and seeking to establish their own, they did not subject themselves to the righteousness of God. 4 For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to everyone who believes. 5 For Moses writes that the man who practices the righteousness which is based on law shall live by that righteousness.” (Ro 10:1-5 NAS)
Paul has not given up on those who because of the hardness of their heart have not been recipients of God’s grace, and neither should we. Because as Paul relates to their condition, so can we. Pride is still standing by should we embrace it and thereby separate ourselves from the grace of God.
“6 But the righteousness based on faith speaks thus, “DO NOT SAY IN YOUR HEART, ‘WHO WILL ASCEND INTO HEAVEN?’ (that is, to bring Christ down), 7 or ‘WHO WILL DESCEND INTO THE ABYSS?’ (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead).” 8 But what does it say? “THE WORD IS NEAR YOU, IN YOUR MOUTH AND IN YOUR HEART” —that is, the word of faith which we are preaching, 9 that if you confess with your mouth Jesus [as] Lord, and believe in your heart that God raised Him from the dead, you shall be saved; 10 for with the heart man believes, resulting in righteousness, and with the mouth he confesses, resulting in salvation. 11 For the Scripture says, “WHOEVER BELIEVES IN HIM WILL NOT BE DISAPPOINTED.”” (Ro 10:6-11 NAS)
Righteousness is based on faith. But faith demands certain conditions. We must lay aside our pride based upon who we are (our linage), what we have done (our works), and what we believe (our religion). We must believe in our heart that Christ is risen from the dead. We must confess with our mouth that He is Lord. Our belief and obedience in the Lord Jesus will result in righteousness and salvation. We will not be disappointed.
It Is For All Who Call
“12 ¶ For there is no distinction between Jew and Greek; for the same [Lord] is Lord of all, abounding in riches for all who call upon Him; 13 for “WHOEVER WILL CALL UPON THE NAME OF THE LORD WILL BE SAVED.” 14 How then shall they call upon Him in whom they have not believed? And how shall they believe in Him whom they have not heard? And how shall they hear without a preacher? 15 And how shall they preach unless they are sent? Just as it is written, “HOW BEAUTIFUL ARE THE FEET OF THOSE WHO BRING GLAD TIDINGS OF GOOD THINGS!”” (Ro 10:12-15 NAS)
How many times does the Scripture have to say it before we believe it? The good news is for all who will humble themselves and call on Him. How beautiful are the feet of those who believe and bring these tidings to them all.
“However, they did not all heed the glad tidings; for Isaiah says, “LORD, WHO HAS BELIEVED OUR REPORT?”” (Ro 10:16 NAS)
Again the Scripture refers to men’s choice.
“So faith [comes] from hearing, and hearing by the word of Christ.” (Ro 10:17 NAS)
We Must Believe the Word and Respond
If God keeps telling us the same thing in different ways it must be very important. Faith must be based upon the hearing of the Word of God. Faith is based upon truth.
“18 But I say, surely they have never heard, have they? Indeed they have; “THEIR VOICE HAS GONE OUT INTO ALL THE EARTH, AND THEIR WORDS TO THE ENDS OF THE WORLD.” 19 But I say, surely Israel did not know, did they? At the first Moses says, “I WILL MAKE YOU JEALOUS BY THAT WHICH IS NOT A NATION, BY A NATION WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING WILL I ANGER YOU.” 20 And Isaiah is very bold and says, “I WAS FOUND BY THOSE WHO SOUGHT ME NOT, I BECAME MANIFEST TO THOSE WHO DID NOT ASK FOR ME.” 21 But as for Israel He says, “ALL THE DAY LONG I HAVE STRETCHED OUT MY HANDS TO A DISOBEDIENT AND OBSTINATE PEOPLE.”” (Ro 10:18-21 NAS)
Israel has heard, they should know, and God has continued to reach out to them, yet they remain disobedient and obstinate. We continue to see as Paul talks about the failure of Israel that it is by their choice that they continue to resist God’s merciful appeal.
Chapter 11
“1 ¶ I say then, God has not rejected His people, has He? May it never be! For I too am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin. 2 God has not rejected His people whom He foreknew. Or do you not know what the Scripture says in [the passage about] Elijah, how he pleads with God against Israel? 3 “Lord, THEY HAVE KILLED THY PROPHETS, THEY HAVE TORN DOWN THINE ALTARS, AND I ALONE AM LEFT, AND THEY ARE SEEKING MY LIFE.”” (Ro 11:1-3 NAS)
As Paul continues to show how the mercy of God is still operating among the remnant of Israel. Paul is proof that God has not rejected and abandoned His people. Again we see scriptures that could be twisted to appear like God selects His favorites and makes it impossible for the rest to believe.
“4 But what is the divine response to him? “I HAVE KEPT for Myself SEVEN THOUSAND MEN WHO HAVE NOT BOWED THE KNEE TO BAAL.” 5 In the same way then, there has also come to be at the present time a remnant according to [God’s] gracious choice. 6 But if it is by grace, it is no longer on the basis of works, otherwise grace is no longer grace. 7 What then? That which Israel is seeking for, it has not obtained, but those who were chosen obtained it, and the rest were hardened; 8 just as it is written, “GOD GAVE THEM A SPIRIT OF STUPOR, EYES TO SEE NOT AND EARS TO HEAR NOT, DOWN TO THIS VERY DAY.” 9 And David says, “LET THEIR TABLE BECOME A SNARE AND A TRAP, AND A STUMBLING BLOCK AND A RETRIBUTION TO THEM. 10 “LET THEIR EYES BE DARKENED TO SEE NOT, AND BEND THEIR BACKS FOREVER.” 11 I say then, they did not stumble so as to fall, did they? May it never be! But by their transgression salvation [has come] to the Gentiles, to make them jealous.” (Ro 11:4-11 NAS)
Again we need to follow the dialogue all the way. God is using the circumstances to wake Israel up. That they would see the blessing of God displayed among the Gentiles and stir them to jealousy.
“12 Now if their transgression be riches for the world and their failure be riches for the Gentiles, how much more will their fulfillment be! 13 But I am speaking to you who are Gentiles. Inasmuch then as I am an apostle of Gentiles, I magnify my ministry, 14 if somehow I might move to jealousy my fellow countrymen and save some of them. 15 For if their rejection be the reconciliation of the world, what will [their] acceptance be but life from the dead? 16 And if the first piece [of dough] be holy, the lump is also; and if the root be holy, the branches are too.” (Ro 11:12-16 NAS)
Israel failed as a people of God and because of their transgression they have not recognized their Savior. Their failure has opened a door for the Gentiles to become that avenue in which God reveals His love and mercy to the world. If these riches can be experienced by the Gentiles through Israel’s failure, can you imagine what the impact will be when they recognize their Savior? If some dough is holy then a piece cut from that will also be holy. If the root and trunk are holy then the branches that come from this root will be holy also.
“17 But if some of the branches were broken off, and you, being a wild olive, were grafted in among them and became partaker with them of the rich root of the olive tree, 18 do not be arrogant toward the branches; but if you are arrogant, [remember that] it is not you who supports the root, but the root [supports] you. 19 You will say then, “Branches were broken off so that I might be grafted in.” 20 Quite right, they were broken off for their unbelief, but you stand by your faith. Do not be conceited, but fear; 21 for if God did not spare the natural branches, neither will He spare you. 22 Behold then the kindness and severity of God; to those who fell, severity, but to you, God’s kindness, if you continue in His kindness; otherwise you also will be cut off. 23 And they also, if they do not continue in their unbelief, will be grafted in; for God is able to graft them in again. 24 For if you were cut off from what is by nature a wild olive tree, and were grafted contrary to nature into a cultivated olive tree, how much more shall these who are the natural [branches] be grafted into their own olive tree? 25 For I do not want you, brethren, to be uninformed of this mystery, lest you be wise in your own estimation, that a partial hardening has happened to Israel until the fulness of the Gentiles has come in;” (Ro 11:17-25 NAS)
Let us look at the illustration of the olive tree. Obviously Christ is the root for He is the source of life. Israel is then likened to the natural branches because they were the chosen people or the election of God. Through the branches the revelation of God is to be seen. From these branches comes the fruit of God. Because of the failure of the branches they were pruned off and branches from a wild olive were grafted in. This illustrates the Gentiles that had become believers and put their faith in the root (Jesus Christ).
This is no great mystery, it is explained pretty clearly. The natural branches were cut off because of unbelief. If God spared not the natural branches He will not spare us either who were not the natural branches. Beware of pride! God can graft back in the natural branches and if we are found in unbelief we too will be removed. The determining factor is belief or trust in the Word of God. Pride, that willful arrogance that says, I am here because I am better or the chosen, undermines God mercy and if uncorrected will result in being pruned off. The chosen people were removed for unbelief. They may also be grafted back in because of faith.
“26 and thus all Israel will be saved; just as it is written, “THE DELIVERER WILL COME FROM ZION, HE WILL REMOVE UNGODLINESS FROM JACOB.” 27 “AND THIS IS MY COVENANT WITH THEM, WHEN I TAKE AWAY THEIR SINS.”” (Ro 11:26-27 NAS)
There has been a lot of controversy over what the scripture means when it says that all Israel will be saved. If we consider all that has been said up to this point then I believe it becomes clear that Paul has just showed us how all Israel can be saved without every person who was born of Jewish parents being saved.
“From the standpoint of the gospel they are enemies for your sake, but from the standpoint of [God’s] choice they are beloved for the sake of the fathers;” (Ro 11:28 NAS)
No one could understand this more clearly than Paul, who at one time fought against the gospel and the bearers of it. Yet he understands the longsuffering of God toward them for the sake of their fathers.
“29 for the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable. 30 For just as you once were disobedient to God, but now have been shown mercy because of their disobedience, 31 so these also now have been disobedient, in order that because of the mercy shown to you they also may now be shown mercy.” (Ro 11:29-31 NAS)
Israelis are still God’s privileged people. Because of God’s work through them, even through their failures, all peoples have been blessed. God is not finished with them yet. God can still extend mercy toward them and as in the illustration of the olive tree, they can be grafted back in.
“For God has shut up all in disobedience that He might show mercy to all.” (Ro 11:32 NAS)
This verse sums it all up. This is what God’s purpose is toward everyone. If you can but see the simplicity of this statement you will understand that the doctrines of predestination, election, and eternal security are a complete reversal of what is taught to us in these chapters of Romans.
“33 ¶ Oh, the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are His judgments and unfathomable His ways! 34 For WHO HAS KNOWN THE MIND OF THE LORD, OR WHO BECAME HIS COUNSELOR? 35 Or WHO HAS FIRST GIVEN TO HIM THAT IT MIGHT BE PAID BACK TO HIM AGAIN? 36 For from Him and through Him and to Him are all things. To Him [be] the glory forever. Amen.” (Ro 11:33-36 NAS)
Conclusion
I’ve covered a lot of ground in these four chapters. It is not an easy read and I am afraid that it still may not be clear to some. There are a lot of thoughts that we must consider to see the overall picture of what we are being taught. It is important that we understand what the Scriptures are talking about when they refer to God’s foreknowledge, election, and predestination. Our understanding of the principles of God will affect our actions, and our actions will affect our security in Christ. I will attempt to summarize what we have learned.
The Roman Church consisted of Jewish and Gentile believers. The book of Romans was written to unify them in a common faith. Because of their separate backgrounds, the Jews who knew the Law of God and the Gentiles who came from paganism, Paul at times addresses them separately. Yet it is important for each group to hear both addresses, for both paths intersect and hearing both addresses are critical for our understanding. Regardless of your background all men meet on common ground as they come to realize that all have sinned and come short of the Glory of God. All are in need of a Savior, all are without excuse, and all men are in need of repentance. Salvation came through the Jews, but that salvation was for all peoples. If therefore you have through the grace of God accepted Christ through faith, you are the election of God, saints, heirs, a people in which there is no distinction between Jew and Gentile.
God’s Chosen People
Chapter 8 establishes us as God election, His chosen people. Our identity and eternal position as adopted children and heirs of the Kingdom of God are established. We are assured of the security of our standing in that there is no power in heaven or earth that will be able to separate us from the love and mercy that God has extended to us (eternal security). Our destiny had been predetermined because we are known of God, for we have been born of holy seed. Our salvation is the result of God’s decision, purpose, and plan (foreknowledge). We have been saved because of God’s work and action, not our own (justification). Although our new birth has come about because of God’s plan and action, we had to acknowledge, agree to, and submit to His plan for it to be consummated. Because we are born of holy seed we are predestined to be conformed to the image of our Father, which has been revealed through Jesus Christ (predestination). Because we are now named as the children of the most high God (our calling and election) we will share in the eternal inheritance prepared for God’s children (glorification).
What About Israel
Chapter 9 then brings up a very important consideration. If we are in a secure position with Christ as children of God, then what about Israel? Were they not also chosen of God, called by His name, and given eternal promises. Were they not through Abraham part of God’s plan (foreknown), called and established at Abraham’s consent (Faith), established and named through Israel (election), promised an eternal inheritance (predestination), as the people of God (glorified)?
Justice, Mercy, Grace, and Choice
Chapter 9 guides us through each of these issues showing that God has not failed on one point. It even deals with the emotional issue that Moses and Paul grieved over, the painfulness of seeing those we love being shut out from the blessings of God. An examination of facts brings us back to the same issue as we have seen since the Garden of Eden, and that is the issue of choice. God’s people lost out because of their unbelief. Enter Pride, exit Faith. God cannot be unjust or unrighteous; neither is He willing to remove our ability to choose.
But we are not left without hope in chapter 9, for God still has a remnant that is not without faith and are recipient of God’s grace. In addition God is merciful and He is not yet finished. God’s purpose has not changed.
The Gospel
Chapter 10 shows us that in spite of the unbelief of Israel he will accomplish His purpose of blessing the whole world through Abraham’s seed. God’s faithfulness is unaffected by the failure of His people. The way of salvation has not changed. Jew or Gentile, we are saved by faith. God’s gospel is going forth throughout the earth through the faithfulness of His remnant. Faith comes by hearing and hearing by the Word of God. How beautiful are those who are sent to declare His Gospel.
Israel’s failure is not because they have not heard or did not know. Israel failure is because of their pride, they sought to achieve their own righteousness rather than seeking it by faith.
Our Choice
Chapter 11 brings these lessons home to each one of us. We can’t rely on the flesh to provide salvation for us. All have sinned, we are the descendants of Adam and as such we are condemned because of our sin. But through the grace of God He has provide salvation if we will only believe and put our faith in Jesus Christ.
- Israel is not going to be saved because of Abrahams faith.
- We will not be saved because our fathers had faith.
- Israel will not be saved because they have the Law.
- We will not be saved because of our righteousness.
- Israel will not be saved by their own works.
- We will not be saved by our own works.
- All things come together in Christ.
- Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ and you shall be saved.
In a Nutshell
Christ has fulfilled God’s purpose and plan and the works of Christ provide salvation for all.
We are saved by faith. Man fell by his own choice and he will be saved because of his own choice. It is our humble submission to God’s plan that places us in that plan. God is opposed to the proud, but gives grace to the humble.
We are then saved by the purposeful action of God, not because of who we are or what we have done. Our part is that of choice, or submission to God’s purpose and plan (faith).
As a new creature in Christ we are born in His image. As we grow and mature it has already been predetermined what we will become. That image is revealed to us in the person of Jesus Christ.
As children of God we are called by his name. We are His election sure if we will continue in His grace.
We are given this stern warning that we can fall from grace if we so chose to do so. Pride is that avenue of deceit that blinds us to the truth.
Let us learn from the lesson of Israel. All of their advantages, knowledge of the truth, mercy and favor, and the work of the Savior or Messiah, became stumbling blocks because of their pride.
God is still reaching out to them, as He is reaching out to us. IT IS OUR CHOICE!
We are saved by faith. The just shall live by faith. We are secure if we hold to these truths.
“Therefore, my brothers, be all the more eager to make your calling and election sure. For if you do these things, you will never fall,” (2Pe 1:10 NIV)
Bob Gunderson